As Athena sprung from the head of Zeus, according to Greek mythology, Teodoro A.Agoncillo,asserted that the Katipunan was the " idea of the plebian Bonifacio,who became and remained to the last its spiritual leader."( 1996:47). Too much emphasis on this thesis made the Katipunan an isolated phenomena confined in Philippine historical setting . A wholistic approach must be used to fully appreciate the part that the Katipunan placed in world revolution ,its relationship with other "secret societies and subversive movements. "
A Brief History of Secret Societies and Subversive Movements
Ancient Mysteries
Gnostics
Hassasins
Knight Templars
Rosicrucians
FREEMASONRY
The Origins of Freemasonry
According to Coil (1973:21-22) there are "at least twenty five asserted oriins of Freemasonry (and they are)as follows:
(A)Patriarchal
(1) The Creation of the World
(2) King Solomon
(3)The Building of King Solomon's Temple
(4) The Patriarchal Religion
(5)Moses
(B.)Geometrical or Mathematical
(6)Euclid
(7)Pythagoras
(C.) Pagan or Mystical
(8)The Ancient Pagan Mysteries
(9)The Essenes
(10) The Culdees
(11.)The Druids
(12)The Gypsies
(13) The Rosicrucians
(D)Chivalric
(14)The Crusaders
(15) The Knights Templar
(E) Political
(16) Oliver Cromwell
(17) The Pretender for the Restoration of the House of Stuart
(F) Personal
(18)Lord Bacon
(19)Dr.Desaguilers and his associates in 1717
(G) Trade Operative
(20) The Roman Collegia of Artificers
(21)The Comacine Masters
(22) The Steinmetzen
(23) The French Compagnons
(24)Sir Thomas Wren
(25)The English and Scot stonemasons of the Middle Ages "
Supreme Council and Grand Orient of France (1725)
The Strict Observance (1751)
The Illuminati of Bavaria (1776)
The Jacobins (1786)
Carbonarism (1809)
French Carbonism (1820)
Showing posts with label the Katipunan and the Revolution of 1896. Show all posts
Showing posts with label the Katipunan and the Revolution of 1896. Show all posts
Tuesday, December 7, 2010
Monday, June 14, 2010
Bonifacio's Tondo : The Cradle of the Philippine Revolution
TONDO,the birthplace of Bonifacio is located north of the walled city of Manila (Intramuros).A legal document now known as the Laguna Copperplate Inscription (LCI) ca.900 A.D gives its ancient name TUNDUN .Its name originated from the Sanskrit TUNDA meaning"beak,snout,trunck"
(Patanne. citing Zoelmulder. 1996:118).Postma belived that it "described the configuration of the Pasig River's mouth on the north side which is taken over by a jutting position of the sand that stick out of the bay.." ( ibid.)
When the Spanish conquistadores Martin de Goiti(1570) and Miguel Lopez de Legazpi(1571) reached Manila,they heard about Tondo then ruled by Lakan Dula.The rulers of Manilaand Tondo were Muslims and were related with the Sultan of Borneo(Majul 2009:79) and descendants of the rulers of the Madjapajit Empire.( Alip 1972:72 ; see genealogy in Henson 1965: 204-206)
The extent of Lakandula's Kindom of TUNDOK "included not only the present districts of Tondo,San Nicolas and Binondo ,but also regions to the north probably as far as Pampanga".
( Alip 1972:12 ).In Henson's research (1965: 4th Rev.Ed.:7-10), the original Pampanga comprised Pampanga,Bataan,Nueva Ecija,Tarlac,portions of Bulacan,Pangasinan and Zambales.
Filipinos proved to be not passive subjects of Spain.Sporiadic revolts erupted in various parts of the archipelago from 1571 and culminating in the Bonifacio's Revolution of 1896. While Lakandula
of Tondo stayed neutral and appeared to be friendly with the Spanish rulers, his relatives joined the Macabebes/Pampangan who fought the Spaniards in the battle of Bangkusay on June 3,1571( San Agustin 1698/1998 ' 553-557 ; Joaquin 1990:13-20)
In 1574,Lakandula of Tondo and Rajah Soliman of Manila revolted .It broked out simultaneous with the Chinese pirate Lim-Ah-Hong's attack of Luzon. Spanish writer Grijalva (1624) attributed its cause due to"colonial government's disregard of the rights enjoyed by Rajah Lakandola and Rajah Soliman over their patrimonies".( Zafra 1967:72). This uprising involved natives of Manila,Tondo and Mindoro.( for full account of the revolt see San Agustin 1698 /1998 : 671-677)
In 1587-1588, the so called Tondo Conspiracy,headed by Agustin de Legazpi of Tondo assisted by Martin Panga,chief of Tondo; Jeronimo Basi also of Tondo,Brother of Agustin Legazpi;Magat Salamat,another chief of Tondo,son of the late Rajah Matanda (of Manila--D) :Esteban Tasi ,chief of Bulacan;Felipe Salalila,chief of Maysilo ;Maghicon, chief of Navotas sought "to regain the freedom and lordship which their fathers had enjoyed before them".This plot was denounced to the authorities and the leaders were either executed or exiled in Nueva Espana / Mexico. Wenceslao Retana considered this conspiracy to be an early version of the Katipunan. (Zafra 1967:72)
(Patanne. citing Zoelmulder. 1996:118).Postma belived that it "described the configuration of the Pasig River's mouth on the north side which is taken over by a jutting position of the sand that stick out of the bay.." ( ibid.)
When the Spanish conquistadores Martin de Goiti(1570) and Miguel Lopez de Legazpi(1571) reached Manila,they heard about Tondo then ruled by Lakan Dula.The rulers of Manilaand Tondo were Muslims and were related with the Sultan of Borneo(Majul 2009:79) and descendants of the rulers of the Madjapajit Empire.( Alip 1972:72 ; see genealogy in Henson 1965: 204-206)
The extent of Lakandula's Kindom of TUNDOK "included not only the present districts of Tondo,San Nicolas and Binondo ,but also regions to the north probably as far as Pampanga".
( Alip 1972:12 ).In Henson's research (1965: 4th Rev.Ed.:7-10), the original Pampanga comprised Pampanga,Bataan,Nueva Ecija,Tarlac,portions of Bulacan,Pangasinan and Zambales.
Filipinos proved to be not passive subjects of Spain.Sporiadic revolts erupted in various parts of the archipelago from 1571 and culminating in the Bonifacio's Revolution of 1896. While Lakandula
of Tondo stayed neutral and appeared to be friendly with the Spanish rulers, his relatives joined the Macabebes/Pampangan who fought the Spaniards in the battle of Bangkusay on June 3,1571( San Agustin 1698/1998 ' 553-557 ; Joaquin 1990:13-20)
In 1574,Lakandula of Tondo and Rajah Soliman of Manila revolted .It broked out simultaneous with the Chinese pirate Lim-Ah-Hong's attack of Luzon. Spanish writer Grijalva (1624) attributed its cause due to"colonial government's disregard of the rights enjoyed by Rajah Lakandola and Rajah Soliman over their patrimonies".( Zafra 1967:72). This uprising involved natives of Manila,Tondo and Mindoro.( for full account of the revolt see San Agustin 1698 /1998 : 671-677)
In 1587-1588, the so called Tondo Conspiracy,headed by Agustin de Legazpi of Tondo assisted by Martin Panga,chief of Tondo; Jeronimo Basi also of Tondo,Brother of Agustin Legazpi;Magat Salamat,another chief of Tondo,son of the late Rajah Matanda (of Manila--D) :Esteban Tasi ,chief of Bulacan;Felipe Salalila,chief of Maysilo ;Maghicon, chief of Navotas sought "to regain the freedom and lordship which their fathers had enjoyed before them".This plot was denounced to the authorities and the leaders were either executed or exiled in Nueva Espana / Mexico. Wenceslao Retana considered this conspiracy to be an early version of the Katipunan. (Zafra 1967:72)
Thursday, June 3, 2010
Andres Bonifacio's Baptisimal Certificate ( 1863)
The baptisimal certificate of Andres Bonifacio was kept in the Tondo Church and can be found in its"libro 20 de bautismos ...folio 69". It was transcribed by historian Manuel Artigas y Cuerva and printed in his book "Galeria de Filipinos Ilustres",page 364:
"En 2 de Deciembre de 1863 anos con mi licencia como Cura Parroco,el P.D Saturnino Buntan clerigo presbitero,bautizo y puso los Santos Oleos,segun rito de de N.M.I a Andres Bonifacio,indio de tres dias de nacido,hijo legitimo de Santiago Bonifacio y de Catalina de Castro,del by.(balangay) de D. Patricio Infante;sacole de pila Vicente Molina, a quien adverti el parentezco espiritual y demas obligaciones, y por verdad lo firmo fecha ut supra-"-FR.GREGORIO PRIETO
In this document,it was stated that Andres Bonifacio , legitimate son of Santiago Bonifacio and Catalina de Castro ,was baptized according to the rite of the Holy Mother Church by Fr.Saturnino Buntan (judging by his name he was a native clergy) on December 2,1863,three days after his ( Andres') birth (November 30,1863).His parents lived in the balangay ( barrio/village) under Don Patricio Infante,the cabeza de barangay (village head).
Vicente Molina stood as his baptisimal sponsor. Molina played an important role in the history of the Katipunan revolutionary secret society founded in July 1892.He occupied a key position in its Supreme Council: Treasurer ,Second Suptreme Council ,1893; Third Supreme Council,1894-1895;Fourth Supreme Council Jan.1896) .see Buehler 1998;194-197. He was arrested and incarcerated because he was denounced by Dr.Pio Valenzuela to the Spanish military court.( Statement of Pio Valenzuela.Oct.21,1896 in 'Minutes of the Katipunan ' pp.168-171)
"En 2 de Deciembre de 1863 anos con mi licencia como Cura Parroco,el P.D Saturnino Buntan clerigo presbitero,bautizo y puso los Santos Oleos,segun rito de de N.M.I a Andres Bonifacio,indio de tres dias de nacido,hijo legitimo de Santiago Bonifacio y de Catalina de Castro,del by.(balangay) de D. Patricio Infante;sacole de pila Vicente Molina, a quien adverti el parentezco espiritual y demas obligaciones, y por verdad lo firmo fecha ut supra-"-FR.GREGORIO PRIETO
In this document,it was stated that Andres Bonifacio , legitimate son of Santiago Bonifacio and Catalina de Castro ,was baptized according to the rite of the Holy Mother Church by Fr.Saturnino Buntan (judging by his name he was a native clergy) on December 2,1863,three days after his ( Andres') birth (November 30,1863).His parents lived in the balangay ( barrio/village) under Don Patricio Infante,the cabeza de barangay (village head).
Vicente Molina stood as his baptisimal sponsor. Molina played an important role in the history of the Katipunan revolutionary secret society founded in July 1892.He occupied a key position in its Supreme Council: Treasurer ,Second Suptreme Council ,1893; Third Supreme Council,1894-1895;Fourth Supreme Council Jan.1896) .see Buehler 1998;194-197. He was arrested and incarcerated because he was denounced by Dr.Pio Valenzuela to the Spanish military court.( Statement of Pio Valenzuela.Oct.21,1896 in 'Minutes of the Katipunan ' pp.168-171)
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